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Question 1
Correct
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Question 2
Correct
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The inguinal canal is reinforced posteriorly by which structure?
Your Answer: Conjoint tendon
Explanation:The Conjoint tendon AKA Inguinal falx reinforces the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. The inguinal and lacunar ligaments are part of the floor The aponeurosis of external oblique is the major component of the anterior wall with fibres of internal oblique reinforcing the lateral part
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 3
Correct
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Regarding the rectus sheath which of the following statements are true?
Your Answer: Above the arcuate line the internal oblique divides into two lamellae
Explanation:The rectus sheath is formed by the aponeurosis of the internal and external oblique muscles and the transversus abdominus muscle. The internal oblique divides into two lamellae and encloses the rectus muscle. Anteriorly it fuses with the aponeurosis of the external oblique and posteriorly with that of the transverus abdominus. Below the arcuate line the aponeurosis of all the flat muscles lies anteriorly and posteriorly it is only enclosed by the transveralis fascia.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 4
Correct
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Regarding the Pituitary gland which of the following statements is true?
Your Answer: It is surrounded by the sella turcica
Explanation:The Sella turcica is composed of three parts:
1. The tuberculum sellae (horn of saddle): a variable slight to prominent median elevation forming the posterior
boundary of the prechiasmatic sulcus and the anterior boundary of the hypophysial fossa.
2. The hypophysial fossa (pituitary fossa): a median depression (seat of saddle) in the body of the sphenoid that accommodates the pituitary gland (L. hypophysis).
3. The dorsum sellae (back of saddle): a square plate of bone projecting superiorly from the body of the sphenoid.
It forms the posterior boundary of the Sella turcica, and its prominent superolateral angles make up the posterior clinoid processes. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 5
Correct
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Sensory supply to the clitoris is via branches of which nerve?
Your Answer: Pudendal nerve
Explanation:The Pudendal nerve divides into inferior rectal, perineal and dorsal nerve of the clitoris (or penis in males). The dorsal nerve of clitoris supplies sensory innervation to the clitoris. The perineal branch supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the labia majora and minora and the vestibule.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 6
Incorrect
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How many seminiferous tubules would you typically expect to find in a testicular lobule?
Your Answer: 200
Correct Answer: 2
Explanation:There are between 250 and 400 lobules in each testis. The lobule is a structural unit of the testis with each lobule contained in one of the intervals between fibrous septa which extend between the mediastinum testis and the tunica albuginea. Each lobule contains 1 to 3 seminiferous tubules.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 7
Correct
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The external anal sphincter is innervated by which nerves?
Your Answer: Inferior rectal
Explanation:The external anal sphincter is innervated by the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2-4) while the internal anal sphincter is innervated by autonomic nerves.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 8
Correct
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Which of the following muscles is NOT a constituent of the pelvic floor (diaphragm)?
Your Answer: Piriformis
Explanation:The pelvic floor or diaphragm is composed of Coccygeus and Levator Ani. Levitator Ani is composed of 3 muscles: puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeal. Although Piriformis assists in closing the posterior pelvic outlet it is not considered a component of the pelvic floor
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 9
Correct
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A patient undergoes oophorectomy and the ovarian veins are ligated. Which vein does the left ovary drain into?
Your Answer: Left renal
Explanation:When it comes to questions on venous drainage the ovarian vein is likely to be a common question given its varied drainage depending on laterality. The right ovarian vein travels through the suspensory ligament of the ovary and generally joins the inferior vena cava whereas the left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 10
Incorrect
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Uterine Cervix:
Your Answer: The cervical canal is covered with stratified squamous epithelium
Correct Answer: Is the portion of the uterus below the isthmus
Explanation:The uterus is divisible into two portions. The portion above the isthmus is termed the body, and that below, the cervix. The uterine cervix is the narrow inferior segment of the uterus, which projects into the vaginal cavity. It is a fibromuscular organ lined by a mucous membrane and measures approximately 3cm in length and 2.5cm in diameter. The cervix is continuous at its superior margins with the body of the uterus and at its inferior margins with the vagina.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 11
Correct
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What are the branches of the pudendal nerves in females?
Your Answer: Perineal, inferior rectal and dorsal nerve of clitoris
Explanation:The pudendal nerve provides sensory and motor innervation to regions of the anus, the perineum, the labia and the clitoris in women. The nerve is formed from the ventral rami of the S2-S4 sacral spinal nerves. The nerve is paired, each innervating the left and the right side of the body. The nerve gives the following branches in females: the inferior anal nerve, the perineal nerve and the dorsal nerve of the clitoris.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 12
Correct
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Question 13
Correct
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Question 14
Correct
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What is the anatomical landmark used for gauging the station of the fetal head during labour?
Your Answer: Ischial Spine
Explanation:The ischial spines and palpable through the vagina and are used as landmarks to assess the decent of the fetal head from the cervix. It also serves as a landmark for giving the pudendal block.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 15
Correct
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In which one of the following positions does hyperextension of the fetal head occur?
Your Answer: Face presentation
Explanation:Face presentation is the abnormal position of the fetal head in labour. In this position the neck is hyperextended.
Vertex position is the normal presentation of the foetus for delivery, in which the head is flexed and the position of the chin is towards the chest. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 16
Incorrect
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Regarding the female breast how many lobes does the typical breast contain?
Your Answer: 4
Correct Answer: 15-20
Explanation:The basic components of the mammary gland are the alveoli. These are lined with milk-secreting cuboidal cells surrounded by myoepithelial cells. The alveoli join to form groups known as lobules. The lobules form lobes. Each lobe has a lactiferous duct that drains into openings in the nipple. Each breast typically contains 15-20 lobes.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 17
Incorrect
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A patient undergoes oophorectomy and the ovarian veins are ligated. Which vein does the left ovary drain into?
Your Answer: Inferior vena cava
Correct Answer: Left renal
Explanation:The right ovarian vein ascends and enters the inferior vena cava and the left ovarian vein drains into the longer left renal vein.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 18
Correct
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The arterial blood supply to the bladder is via branches of which artery?
Your Answer: Internal Iliac
Explanation:The bladder is supplied by branches of the internal iliac artery, including the superior vesical artery, branches of the gluteal and obturator arteries and the inferior vesical artery in males and the vaginal and the uterine arteries in females.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 19
Correct
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Question 20
Incorrect
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The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by which of the following structures?
Your Answer: Inguinal canal
Correct Answer: Inguinal ligament
Explanation:Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle:
Superior: Inguinal ligament
Medial: Medial border of the adductor longus
Lateral: Medial border of the sartorius
Floor: Pectineus, Adductor longus and Iliopsoas muscles
Roof: Fascia Lata -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 21
Correct
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Leydig cells contain receptors to which hormone?
Your Answer: LH
Explanation:The Leydig cells contain receptors to the luteinizing hormone which in turn is responsible for the production of testosterone. This circulates in the body predominantly bound to transport proteins and to a lesser extent to albumin.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 22
Correct
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Which of the following statements regarding the vaginal artery is typically TRUE?
Your Answer: It arises from the Internal iliac artery
Explanation:The vaginal artery is the homolog to the inferior vesical artery in males. In most of the cases it arises from the internal iliac artery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 23
Correct
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The main support of the uterus is provided by:
Your Answer: The cardinal ligament
Explanation:The cardinal ligament (or Mackenrodt’s ligament, lateral or transverse cervical ligament) is a major ligament of the uterus. It is located at the base of the broad ligament of the uterus. It attaches the cervix to the lateral pelvic wall by its attachment to the Obturator fascia of the Obturator internus muscle, and is continuous externally with the fibrous tissue that surrounds the pelvic blood vessels. It thus provides support to the uterus.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 24
Correct
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After a vaginal delivery, a patient suffers a perineal tear. On examination the laceration involves the external anal sphincter and has partially torn the internal anal sphincter. Which of the following classifies this tear?
Your Answer: 3c
Explanation:During childbearing the vagina and perineum are prone to lacerations that may involve the skin or can extend into the anal sphincter complex. It is important to be able to identify obstetric and anal sphincter injuries to provide adequate care and prevent complications. In the classification of obstetric tears according to RCOG guidelines:
First degree tear: injury to the perineal skin and/or the vaginal mucosa
Second degree tears: Injury to perineum involving perineal muscles but not the anal sphincter.
Third-degree tear: Injury to perineum involving the anal sphincter complex:
Grade 3a tear: Less than 50% of external anal sphincter (EAS) thickness torn.
Grade 3b tear: More than 50% of EAS thickness torn.
Grade 3c tear: Both EAS and internal anal sphincter (IAS) torn.
Fourth-degree tear: Injury to perineum involving the anal sphincter complex (EAS and IAS)
and anorectal mucosa. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 25
Incorrect
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Presence of which one of the following features at term makes spontaneous delivery incompatible?
Your Answer: Sacrum posterior
Correct Answer: Mentum posterior
Explanation:When face presentation is diagnosed, around 60% of cases are in the mentum anterior position, 25% are mentum posterior and 15% are mentum transverse; most malpositions rotate spontaneously into mentum anterior. A vaginal birth at term is possible only if the foetus is in the mentum anterior position.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 26
Incorrect
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Which nerves innervate the internal anal sphincter?
Your Answer: Perineal
Correct Answer: Pelvic Splanchnic
Explanation:The anal sphincters are responsible for closing the anal canal to the passage of faeces and flatus. The smooth muscle or involuntary internal sphincter sustains contraction to prevent the leakage of faeces between bowel movements and is innervated by the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which are a branch of the spinal segment 4. The external sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle and can therefore contract and relax voluntarily. Its innervation comes from the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve, and the perineal branch of S4 nerve roots.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 27
Correct
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The arcuate line forms part of the border of the pelvic brim. Where is it located?
Your Answer: Ilium
Explanation:Arcuate means ‘bow shaped’ and there are different arcuate lines in anatomical terms. Regarding the pelvic brim this is composed of the arcuate line of the ilium, pectineal line and prominences of sacrum and pubic symphysis (as demonstrated in the images below). As can be seen the arcuate line is a smooth rounded border on the internal surface of the ilium inferior to the iliac fossa and Iliacus. Image sourced from Wikipedia Note: The pelvic outlet is also called the inferior aperture. The pelvic brim is the superior aperture
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 28
Correct
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What is the anatomical landmark used for gauging the station of the fetal head during labour?
Your Answer: Ischial Spine
Explanation:The ischial spine is the anatomical landmark for assessing the station of the fetal head and also placing pudendal nerve blocks. (the pudendal nerve runs posterior to the ischial spine). The ischial spine can be palpated approximately 8cm into the vagina, at 4 and 8 o’clock.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 29
Correct
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Which of the following is true about the origin of the ovarian artery?
Your Answer: It arises from the Abdominal Aorta
Explanation:The ovarian arteries are considered the main blood supply for the ovaries. The ovarian arteries usually arise from the lateral aspect of the abdominal artery, though in some instances they may arise from the renal or iliac arteries.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 30
Incorrect
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The normal lining of the fallopian tube is:
Your Answer: Cuboidal epithelium
Correct Answer: Columnar epithelium with cilia
Explanation:The Fallopian tubes, also known as, uterine tubes, and salpinges, are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated columnar epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the uterotubal junction.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
